Zhou et al. [25] have reported that immunostaining of TGF-β1 is increasing with the degree of the cancer lesion, intensifying from normal to basal cell hyperplasia (BCH) to dysplasia (DYS) to carcinoma in situ (CIS) and to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (P<0.05). Here, TGFB1 is linked to choreatic disease.