In HF, sarcolemmal dependent Ca2 + extrusion by NCX and PMCA (kcaff) was increased by 25.2 ± 10% (control, 0.745 ± 0.024 s− 1; HF, 0.933 ± 0.069 s− 1; P < 0.01). This evidence concerns the gene TLX2 and hydrops fetalis.