IL1B and systemic lupus erythematosus: As illustrated in Figure 2, serum levels of IL-17, IL-6, and IL-1β were significantly higher in SLE patients with anti-B19-VP1u IgG (mean ± SEM, 580.70±144.36 pg/ml, 509.66±149.64 pg/ml, and 52.80±25.16 pg/ml, respectively) compared to those without anti-B19-VP1u IgG (77.98±15.89 pg/ml, p<0.005; 85.77±24.89 pg/ml, p<0.01; and 11.12±4.12 pg/ml, p<0.01, respectively).