TNF and cancer: However, several recent reports demonstrated that cancer patients with high levels of tumor-infiltrating Foxp3-positive cells showed favorable clinical outcomes [21], and that anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta [TGF-β]) produced by Foxp3+ Tregs suppress IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α [22] which may accelerate tumor progression.