XPO1 and renal cell carcinoma: To evaluate efficacy of XPO1 inhibition by KPT-330 towards cell survival, we determined that cell viability in response to this inhibitor was evident at a concentration of 0.1 μM in RCC cell lines but at an order of magnitude higher dose (10 μM) in normal renal tubular epithelial (NHK) cells (Fig. 1B), a finding possibly due to increased XPO1 levels in RCC tissues as compared to normal kidney tissues which we have previously shown [13].