KLK3 and cancer: In the subgroup analysis of the present study, the improvement of the cancer detection rate by targeted biopsy was 10.1, 12.4, 14.0, 10.9 and 10.1%, respectively, in patients with a PSA level of 4–10 ng/ml, PSAD of 0.12–0.20 ng/ml2, prostate volume of >50 ml, negative TRUS findings and negative DRE findings, with P-values of 0.0256, 0.0133, 0.0099, 0.0027 and 0.0037, respectively.