A number of studies have confirmed that gene mutations of hMSH2 play crucial roles not only in the pathogenesis of HNPCC (27), but also in the pathogenesis of a variety of other tumors (28–31), including cancer of the endometrium, rectal cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, as well as OSCC (18). This evidence concerns the gene MSH2 and urinary bladder carcinoma.