IRAK1 and Myelodysplasia: In agreement with these studies, recent data indicate that inhibiting IRAK-1,-4 signaling in a variety of leukemias including Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, myelodysplasia, and acute myeloid leukemia substantially impaired proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and treatment with IRAK inhibitors prolonged mouse survival (32, 33).