The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor temsirolimus has been approved for the first-line treatment of RCC patients with poor-prognosis, whereas the oral mTOR-inhibitor RAD001 (everolimus) has been recommended for patients with advanced progressive RCC or for patients with failed VEGF-targeted therapy 2. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and renal cell carcinoma.