In the present work, we verified this hypothesis in PCa showing that subcutaneous growth of human LNCaP cells in immunodeficient NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice was severely impaired by treatment with poly I:C, thus demonstrating the direct anticancer effect of the TLR3 agonist as a single therapeutic agent in human PCa in vivo. The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.