Regardless, two ligands of the mammalian EGFR pathway, amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG), are induced by the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-a in inflamed colonic mucosa and in adenomas and carcinomas of human colon, but not in normal colonic mucosa [22]. The gene discussed is AREG; the disease is carcinoma.