In hamster CCA models induced by NDMA, OV infection and OV + NDMA (ON), respectively, Rucksaken et al (54) found that the plasma level of ORM2 was overexpressed in the OV and ON groups and Kif18A was overexpressed in the ON group at the precancerous stage, which was verified by western blotting. This evidence concerns the gene ORM2 and cholangiocarcinoma.