It has been shown that the TLR-4 agonist, LPS, enhances 4T1 tumor growth and metastases, by increasing angiogenesis, vascular permeability and tumor invasion [30], likely through the release of various immunosuppressive cytokines as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the tumor microenvironment. Here, TLR4 is linked to neoplasm.