LITAF and infection: Significant up-regulation (p < 0.05) of LITAF (Figure 5A), IL-6 (Figure 5B) and IL-8 (Figure 5C) was also detected in lung and spleen tissues from three-week-old chickens at 24 h of infection with H5N1-tyTR05 or H5N1-tyEng91 HPAI viruses (data not shown), along with abundance of virus matrix gene expression (Figure 5D).