Real-time PCR (Figure 1a) and western blot (Figures 1b and c) analyses revealed that U87MG and U343MG cells expressed all four of the AR subtypes, as previously reported for other glioma cell lines.36, 37 The levels of expression of ARs were found to be further increased in CSC-derived neurospheres compared with those of whole GBM cells (Figure 1). Here, AR is linked to glioma.