TSHR and Graves disease: Human autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is an organ-specific immune disease characterized by autoantibodies, such as anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) antibody, anti-thyroperoxidase (TPO) antibody and anti-TSH receptor (TSHR) antibody, mainly involving Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD) [1,2,3].