COX-2 expression, mean abundance, activity, and signaling is significantly up-regulated in both AD and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a progressive degeneration of the human retina pathologically similar in many ways to the neocortical degeneration observed in AD neocortex (Hoozemans et al., 2008; Dinet et al., 2013; Rodríguez Diez et al., 2013). Here, PTGS2 is linked to Alzheimer disease.