NANOG and cancer: Furthermore, the RNAs of VEGF, CXCR2, MMP10, PAR6, and FXYD5 (dysadherin), well-known markers associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in different cancers, including OSSC [40-43], were all up-regulated in orospheres (Supplementary Table 1), as were the RNAs of commonly recognized markers of normal stem cells and CSCs, such as SOX-2, OCT3/4, and NANOG (Fig. 1C).