IL-7Rα+ IL-12Rβ2+ IL-1R+ group 1 ILCs produce IFN-γ in response to IL-12 and are enriched in inflamed mucosal tissue such as tonsils, intestine and in diseased tissue including the lamina propria of patients with Crohn’s disease [11] and inflamed lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [12]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.