Surprisingly, we found that CD57, a marker that has been associated with terminal T cell differentiation [19, 20, 28] or incomplete differentiation (as a pre-stage of terminal T cell differentiation) [33], is strongly and rapidly upregulated on activated human (CAR) T cells upon direct contact with CD57+ patient-derived glioma cells but not with long-term passaged, conventional CD57-negative tumor cell lines. This evidence concerns the gene B3GAT1 and central nervous system cancer.