CD28 and neoplasm: CD57 upregulation on CD27+ T cells has recently been linked to a state of incomplete differentiation of tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs), which, in contrast to terminally differentiated T cells, are still able to proliferate upon TCR stimulation but rapidly undergo terminal differentiation (indicated by the downregulation of CD27 and CD28 and the upregulation of perforin) upon further antigen stimulation [33].