APP and Alzheimer disease: Therefore, to test whether AD, for example, is the primary etiology for such participants given its primary role in causing dementia (Querfurth and LaFerla, 2010), participants in future studies could be additionally tested for amyloid beta peptide and tau in cerebrospinal fluid or for amyloid and fluorodeoxyglucose by positron emission tomography (Albert et al., 2011).