In a recent study, higher levels of CRP were found in a “metabolic” comorbidity cluster with the characteristics of obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis when compared with the cluster of CVD without the metabolic features [96], indicating that the link between COPD, systemic inflammation and CVD could be metabolic impairment. Here, CRP is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.