APOE and atherosclerosis: Fingolimod has been shown to decrease atherosclerotic wall changes in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.32 FTY diminished atherosclerosis plaque volume and its macrophage and collagen content in mice with hypercholesterolemic diet.46 Short-term low-dose oral FTY720 significantly reduced early development of atherosclerosis in mice.47 In these mice, blood concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines was increased.