Since deregulation of S1P1/3 is responsible for cardiac microvascular complications in diabetes, cardiac functions could be improved using FTY720 in this setting via over-expression of S1P1 and enhanced translocation of S1P3.2 FTY720 decrease the expression of PKCBII, which is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy.30,31 This effect is attenuated by expression of PKCBII on endothelial cells. This evidence concerns the gene S1PR1 and diabetes mellitus.