BRAF and melanoma: Notable examples include partnerships between Merck KGaA and Sanofi on MEK and PI3K inhibitor combinations, as well as Roche and BMS on investigating Roche's vemurafenib in combination with BMS's ipilimumab, an immune-checkpoint inhibitor targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activator-4 (CTLA-4), in patients with BRAF-mutated malignant melanoma.