We undertook an RCT, known as Researching Effective Strategies to Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Children and Teenagers (RESIST), with the aim of determining the effectiveness of a moderate-carbohydrate, increased protein diet compared to a high carbohydrate diet on insulin sensitivity in adolescents with pre-diabetes and/or clinical features of insulin resistance treated with metformin. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.