As shown in Figure 5A, infection with rHuN4-GM-CSF promoted better maturation and/or activation of BMDCs than infection with the parental virus, when they were pretreated with GM-CSF, as shown by significantly more MHC I+/CD 80/86+ and MHC II+/CD 80/86+ double positive cells. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is infection.