AVP and chronic kidney disease: In this secondary analysis of consecutive ED patients with CAP from a large multicentre antibiotic stewardship trial, we used adjusted multivariate regression models to determine the magnitude and statistical significance of differences in mean baseline concentrations of five biomarkers (procalcitonin [PCT], C-reactive protein [CRP], white blood cells count [WBC], proadrenomedullin [ProADM], copeptin) associated with six pre-analytic factors (antibiotic or corticosteroid pretreatment, age, gender, chronic renal failure or chronic liver insufficiency).