Furthermore, αDβ2 is likely to have important, and perhaps unique [12], activities in human host defense and in inflammatory syndromes in which it has been detected on leukocytes in pathologic samples, including acute and chronic lung injury and inflammation (Figure 3; Miyazaki Y, unpublished observations), atherosclerosis [12], arthritis [66], and obesity [81]. This evidence concerns the gene ITGAD and Arthritis.