Analysis of the BRAF mutated cases (n=24) showed that 20 cases (83%) were carcinomas (all positive for pan-cytokeratin and negative for melanocytic markers [e.g. S-100, Melan-A and HMB-45] by IHC; 5 were suggestive of colorectal primary with CK20 and CDX-2 positivity) while 4 cases (17%) were non-epithelial CUPs (all negative for pan-cytokeratins: three undifferentiated malignancies and one malignant melanoma). This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and carcinoma.