The first example of a clinically relevant NSCLC driver oncogene was the identification of somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene (2–4).Common EGFR alterations (the L858R point mutation and exon 19 deletions) are present in 10–30% of patients with NSCLC and confer sensitivity to gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.