Future studies on the induction of primary T cell responses to exo-erythrocytic forms of malaria need to be extended to other protective CD8+ T cell epitopes including responses, which appear later in the liver stage by using either radiation attenuated (RAS) or genetically attenuated (GAS) sporozoites or sporozoites combined with chloroquine chemoprophylaxis (CPS) (52). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and malaria.