Although these studies have extensively investigated several of the abnormalities that characterize CKD mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), such as serum phosphorus, iPTH, vitamin D, and FGF-23, and their roles as biomarkers for prediction of outcomes in a CKD population, few studies have evaluated serum calcium and renal outcome in CKD. The gene discussed is FGF23; the disease is chronic kidney disease.