CD4 and infection: Typically, the abrupt shift from an anti-inflammatory state with low CD4 counts to a pro-inflammatory state with increased CD4 count, reduced T-regulatory cells, and exaggerated cytokine responses may result in clinical manifestations of various infections; most commonly mycobacteria, fungi, viruses (herpes simplex virus, hepatitis viruses, cytomegalovirus), Pneumocystis jerovici Pneumonia (PcP), and Kaposi's sarcoma.