High levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), have been found in EV-A71 patients with pulmonary edema (PE) and encephalitis [6], [7]. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is encephalitis.