In addition to caspase-1, neutrophil serine proteases such as proteinase 3 (PR3),elastase or cathepsin-G, can process IL-1β in a caspase-independentpathway.64, 65 As both caspase-1 and PR3 are considered to be potentialtargets in inflammation, determining the role of PR3 in sepsis is crucial for thedevelopment of novel anti-IL-1β therapies. The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is Sepsis.