DSMT participation was defined as having filed at least one DSMT claim (G0108, G0109, S9140, S9141, S9145, S9455, S9460, and S9465) within 12 months after diagnosis of diabetes.* DSMT participation was estimated overall and for subgroups by age, sex, oral diabetes medication prescription, insulin prescription, insurance type (fee-for-service or capitated health plan), metropolitan statistical area, and region of residence, using multivariate logistic regression. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.