NRAS and Noonan syndrome: Noonan syndrome, a complex clinical genetic disorder, is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait caused by alterations in PTPN11, SOS1, RAF1, KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF genes and characterized by short stature, craniofacial dysmorphism, short neck with webbing, deformity of the sternum, cardiac and clotting anomalies, and cryptorchidism [31].