CD4 and neoplasm: These in vivo studies need to be seen in the context of data from Figure S2, showing elevated cytotoxicity (CD4+-dependent) only using splenocytes from immunotherapy-treated EMT6 tumor-injected mice (panel b), while in turn CD4+ cells from these same mice produced increased cytokines (TNFα, IL-2 and IFNγ) relative to mice receiving surgery alone.