Furthermore, it has recently been reported NRF2 mediates cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance (Lau et al., 2008; Hayes and McMahon, 2009; Homma et al., 2009; Taguchi et al., 2011; Sporn and Liby, 2012; Yamadori et al., 2012; Shelton and Jaiswal, 2013). Here, NFE2L2 is linked to cancer.