NFE2L2 and cancer: Recent studies, on the other hand, have shown that NRF2 contributes to cancer cell proliferation, drug resistance, and metabolic re-programming, as well (Kwak et al., 2002; Lau et al., 2008; Hayes and McMahon, 2009; Homma et al., 2009; Taguchi et al., 2011; Mitsuishi et al., 2012; Sporn and Liby, 2012; Yamadori et al., 2012).