However, although these mouse models that upregulate the canonical WNT signaling activity induce mammary gland tumors (Moser et al., 1993; Gaspar et al., 2009; Kuraguchi et al., 2009), APC mutations are less frequently found in human breast cancers (Furuuchi et al., 2000; Jin et al., 2001; Sarrio et al., 2003). The gene discussed is APC; the disease is breast cancer.