Accordingly, we found increased quantities of CCL2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and CXCL10 in SCLS acute sera, suggesting that type 1 immune responses TH1 (e.g. chronic viral, bacterial, or protozoan infections), rather than TH2 allergic immunity, may contribute the SCLS phenotype in at least a fraction of patients. Here, IL1B is linked to Systemic capillary leak syndrome.