VEGFA and cancer: Several important cancer signalling pathways may be affected by miRNA dysregulation including Jak-STAT, VEGF, PI3K-Akt, mTOR, Wnt, p53, and TGF-β signalling pathways, which may drive phenotypic changes such as sustained angiogenesis, cell proliferation, evading apoptosis, insensitivity to anti-growth signals, and resistant to chemotherapy.