EDN1 and atrial fibrillation: We hypothesized that newer biomarkers of cardiac and vascular function in normal physiology and during vascular stress (mid-regional pro adrenomedullin [MR-proADM], Copeptin, C-terminal pro endothelin-1) [13], sensitve cardiac troponin I ultra [TnI ultra] [14], and oxidative stress (glutathioneperoxidase-1, myeloperoxidase) [15] may be more strongly correlated with AF in a contemporary population-based cohort in comparison with known markers such as C-reactive protein [CRP], fibrinogen, and the natriuretic peptide precursor N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide [Nt-proBNP] [9]–[13].