IRAK4 and Menkes disease: Since TLRs activates an intracellular signal via MyD88, triggering a complex cascade (IRAK1-IRAK4-TRAF6, TAK1-TAB1-TRAF6-UBC13, IKK complex) that leads to the induction of a large range of proinflammatory genes via the transcription factors NF-κB [35], we have selected functional variants in the genes NFKB1, REL, UBE2L3, TNFAIP3 and TNIP1 to evaluate their potential role in the outcome of MD.