CAD and parasitic infectious disease: As determined retrospectively by qPCR, 2/5 subjects in the CPS-CQ group and 7/10 subjects in the CPS-MQ group showed sub-microscopic parasitemia after the first immunization (geometric mean peak parasitemia for positive subjects: 948 parasites/ml [range 228–3938] and 256 parasites/ml [range 48–1559] respectively, Figure 2).