In multivariable analysis (Table 4), after adjusting for the osteoporosis risk factors age, sex, race, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption and fracture history, mean plasma RANKL was comparable between both groups, and did not differ with any other covariate, but a significant (P = 0.005) association was observed between adjusted mean plasma OPG concentrations and HIV serostatus. Here, TNFSF11 is linked to osteoporosis.