[52]–[54] IRIS has been associated with low CD4 counts at cART initiation and could be avoided by initiating cART at higher CD4 counts, [52]–[54] or by adequately excluding and treating TB before initiating cART. In settings with both high HIV prevalence and high TB transmission, TB in individuals with HIV can be also prevented through the scaling up of TB preventive therapy and strengthening TB infection control measures at facility and community levels as repeated TB episodes among those on cART have been linked to re-infection [55]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and tuberculosis.