TNF and infection: However, our observation that the levels for IL 23, Cathelicidin, IL 10 and TNFα and not the other transcripts examined (Dectin 1, Defensin B1, Hepcidin, IL 17, Cytchrome B, heat shock protein 70, nitrogen oxide synthetase) were higher in the lungs of infected bats, suggest that the response was a specific to infection.