SYP and Cognitive impairment: Addition of synthetic Abeta oligomers to neuronal cultures caused an 18% loss of synaptophysin-immunoreactive puncta in vitro (Fig. 12A,C) compared to vehicle treatment; this is similar to the degree of synapse loss seen using ultrastructural stereology methods in post-mortem hippocampus from humans diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment [61].