CD4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: The autoimmunity of NOD mice is characterized by several abnormalities in the immune system including the presence of pancreas-specific autoantibodies, autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and defects in T regulatory cells [100, 101], which also appear in T1DM patients and rarely exist in surgical/STZ-induced NHP models of IDDM.